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JPMorgan Chase Has A Black Woman On Its Board of Directors: Who Is Melody Hobson?


Let’s Start With, Who Is JPMorgan Chase?
Cherchez la femme (French: [ʃɛʁʃe la fam]) is a French phrase which literally means ‘look for the woman’. It is a sexist cliche in detective fiction, used to suggest that a mystery can be resolved by identifying a femme fatale or female love interest.
In attempting to solve the mystery of our present dystopia, and I say, Cherchez l’argent, ‘look for the money.’ And I am not speaking fiction.
The Online Wall Street Journal, dated March 27, 2023, in the column This Week In History,’ ran this story that offers the opportunity to ‘look for the money’ by looking at one of the major players in the ‘game’ of money. I keep hammering at money because economics is the driving force in humanity. Everything that one does each day, hour, minute, and second, is precisely determined by the economic paradigm that governs one’s life.”
The question that remains unanswered is when will capitalism and racism, European constructs consistent with Caucasian culture, die? There are close to 7.993 billion people on this planet who need the demise of capitalism and racism immediately, if not sooner.
Here is the 27 year-old news story that precipitated this essay. I hope it can be helpful in understanding the importance of economics.
“March 31, 1996
Chase Manhattan merged with Chemical Banking, becoming the largest U.S. bank at the time.
Four years later, it merged with J.P. Morgan to become JPMorgan Chase.
The bank, which traces its roots to 1799 and counts Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr among its founders, then merged with Bank One in 2004 and acquired Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual in 2008.”
Whoa! Wait a minute.
A bank, “which traces its roots to 1799 and counts Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr among its founders.”
…According to page 115 of An Empire of Wealth b John Steele Gordon, the origin of this strand of JPMorgan Chase’s history runs as follows:
At the turn of the nineteenth century, obtaining a bank charter required an act of the State Legislature.
This, of course, injected a powerful element of politics into the process and invited what today would be called corruption but then was regarded as business as usual. Hamilton’s political enemy — and eventual murderer — Aaron Burr was able to create a bank by sneaking a clause into a charter for a company called The Manhattan Company to provide clean water to New York City.
The innocuous-looking clause allowed the company to invest surplus capital in any lawful enterprise. Within six months of the company’s creation, and long before it had laid a single section of water pipe, the company opened a bank, the Bank of the Manhattan Company. Still in existence, it is today JPMorgan Chase, the largest bank in the United States. — Wikipedia
I hope you will bear with me, but I must offer one more interesting tidbit from Wikipedia to chew on.
…In August 1914, [9 months after the passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913] Henry P. Davison, a Morgan partner, made a deal with the Bank of England to make J.P. Morgan & Co. the monopoly underwriter of war bonds for the UK and France. The Bank of England became a “fiscal agent” of J.P. Morgan & Co., and vice versa. The company also invested in the suppliers of war equipment to Britain and France. The company profited from the financing and purchasing activities of the two European governments.
Huh? A member of the privately owned Central Bank of the United States is making a deal with the Central Bank of England, controlled by Rothschild banking interests?
“The company [J.P. Morgan & Co.] profited from the financing and purchasing activities of the two European governments.”
J.P. Morgan & Company also financed the U.S. and Russia during World War I. And let’s not forget the Warburg Family, whose brothers financed both the U.S. and Germany during WWI.
(Please see: https://medium.com/@ernestedwards99/oliver-daddy-warbucks-was-fictional-f1d202238f25
JPMorgan Chase is the largest of the Big Four banks (JPMorgan Chase (headquartered in New York City, Bank of American (headquartered and bank chartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, Citigroup (headquartered in New York City, bank chartered in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and Wells Fargo (headquartered in San Francisco, California, bank chartered in Wilmington, Delaware).
…It is a major provider of investment banking services in the Bulge Bracket [The major investment banking cartel that controls corporate financing world-wide.]
In 2020, the Corporate Finance Institute, a Canadian financial analyst certification organization, and Wall Street Oasis, an online investment banking and finance forum, listed nine investment banks as part of the Bulge Bracket. Investopedia, in 2022 listed the same banks. As of March 2023 the list, after the [recent] acquisition of Credit Suisse by UBS includes:
Bank of America
Barclays
Citigroup
Deutsche Bank
Goldman Sachs
JPMorgan Chase
Morgan Stanley
UBS
The Bank began operations in Japan in 1924, in Australia during the later part of the nineteenth century, and in Indonesia during the early 1920s. An office of the Equitable Eastern Banking Corporation (one of J.P. Morgan’s predecessors) opened a branch in China in 1921 and Chase National Bank was established there in 1923;
The bank has operated in Saudi Arabia and India since the 1930s. Chase Manhattan Bank opened an office in South Korea in 1967. The firm’s presence in Greece dates to 1968. An office of JPMorgan was opened in Taiwan in 1970, in Russia (Soviet Union) in 1973, and Nordic operations began during the same year.] Operations in Poland began in 1995. — Wikipedia
I literally, pray, that you get the picture. Rather than bore you with more narrative, I will end with a brief outline of additional information from Wikipedia on JPMorgan Chase that demonstrates its influence in world commerce.
Board of Directors — As of April 1, 2021:
· Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase
· Linda Bammann, former JPMorgan and Bank One executive
· Steve Burke, chairman of NBCUniversal
· Todd Combs, CEO of GEICO
· James Crown, president of Henry Crown and Company
· Timothy Flynn, former chairman and CEO of KPMG
· Mellody Hobson, CEO of Ariel Investments
· Michael Neal, CEO of GE Capital
· Phebe Novakovic, chairwoman and CEO of General Dynamics
· Virginia Rometty, Executive Chairwoman of IBM, former chairwoman, President and CEO of IBM
Notable former employees
Business:
· Winthrop Aldrich — son of the late Senator Nelson Aldrich
· Andrew Crockett — former general manager of the Bank for International Settlements (1994–2003)
· Pierre Danon — chairman of Eircom
· Ina Drew — former CIO of JP Morgan Chase
· Dina Dublon — member of the board of directors of Microsoft, Accenture and PepsiCo and former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of JPMorgan Chase
· Maria Elena Lagomasino — member of the board of directors of The Coca-Cola Company and former CEO of JPMorgan Private Bank
· Jacob A. Frenkel — Governor of the Bank of Israel
· Thomas W. Lamont — acting head of J.P. Morgan & Co. on Black Tuesday
· Charles Li — former CEO of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
· Robert I. Lipp — former CEO of The Travelers Companies
· Marjorie Magner — chairman of Gannett Company[205]
· Henry S. Morgan — co-founder of Morgan Stanley, son of J. P. Morgan, Jr. and grandson of financier J. P. Morgan
· Lewis Reford — Canadian political candidate
· David Rockefeller — patriarch of the Rockefeller family
· Charlie Scharf — current CEO of Wells Fargo
· Harold Stanley — former JPMorgan partner, co-founder of Morgan Stanley
· Jes Staley — former CEO of Barclays
· Barry F. Sullivan — former CEO of First Chicago Bank and deputy mayor of New York City
· C. S. Venkatakrishnan — current CEO of Barclays
· Don M. Wilson III — former chief risk officer (CRO) of J. P. Morgan and current member of the board of directors at Bank of Montreal
· Ed Woodward — executive vice-chairman of Manchester United F.C.
Politics and public service
· Frederick Ma — Hong Kong Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development (2007–08)
· Tony Blair — Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
· William M. Daley — U.S. Secretary of Commerce (1997–2000), U.S. White House Chief of Staff (2011–2012)
· Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean — Secretary of State for Scotland (1995–97)
· Thomas S. Gates, Jr. — U.S. Secretary of Defense (1959–61)
· David Laws — UK Chief Secretary to the Treasury (May 2010) Minister of State for Schools
· Rick Lazio — member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2001)
· Antony Leung — Financial Secretary of Hong Kong (2001–03)
· Dwight Morrow — U.S. Senator (1930–31)
· Margaret Ng — member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council
· Azita Raji — former United States ambassador to Sweden (2016–2017)
· George P. Shultz — U.S. Secretary of Labor (1969–70), U.S. Secretary of Treasury (1972–74), U.S. Secretary of State (1982–89)
· John J. McCloy — president of the World Bank, U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, a member of the Warren Commission, and a prominent United States adviser to all presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan
· Mahua Moitra — Former Vice President of JPMorgan Chase, Indian Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Major sponsorships
· Chase Field (formerly Bank One Ballpark), Phoenix, Arizona — Arizona Diamondbacks, MLB
· Chase Center, San Francisco, California — Golden State Warriors, NBA
· Chase Auditorium (formerly Bank One Auditorium) inside of Chase Tower in Chicago, Illinois (formerly Bank One Tower)
· The JPMorgan Chase Corporate Challenge, owned and operated by JPMorgan Chase, is the largest corporate road racing series in the world with over 200,000 participants in 12 cities in six countries on five continents. It has been held annually since 1977 and the races range in size from 4,000 entrants to more than 60,000.
· JPMorgan Chase is the official sponsor of the US Open
· J.P. Morgan Asset Management is the Principal Sponsor of the English Premiership Rugby 7s Series
· Sponsor of the Jessamine Stakes, a two-year-old fillies horse race at Keeneland, Lexington, Kentucky since 2006.
· Chase Center on the Riverfront in Wilmington, Delaware where Joe Biden accepted his election as President of the United States in 2020.
The real importance of JPMorgan Chase and Melody Dobson is for another day. This is just the introduction.
Thank you for using your precious life energy to read this essay.
Please offer your thoughts.
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Our Mind Is Powerful: Prayer Is A Source!

Yesterday, I was commenting to my youngest daughter, Akima, that I would pray for a friend of mine. He was hospitalized and not doing very well. His wife had asked me to say a prayer for his successful recovery. Inquisitively, she asked, “dad, if you are an atheist, how can you say a prayer for your friend?”
Here is my response to her, and you.
I pray, but not to a spook ‘God.’ I believe prayer is a conversation with self. It is a request to self, and a reminder to self, of what I want to occur. For me, there is no ‘spook god’ involved in the process.
Prayer is self-programming the human computer (our mind) to provide for our individual, as well as collective human need. And just like the computer, you can only get out of it what you put into it, something the ruling elite fully understand, and implement via religion.
“Religion keeps the poor from killing the rich. — Napoleon Bonaparte
“Religion is an opiate for the masses.” — Karl Marx
“We have used the Bible as if it were a mere special constable’s handbook, an opium dose for keeping the beasts of burden patient while they were being overloaded, a mere book to keep the poor in order.” — Charles Kingsley, Canon of the Church of England
“When the missionaries came to Africa, they had the Bible and we had the land. They said: ‘Let us pray. ‘ We closed our eyes. When we opened them, we had the Bible and they had the land.” — Jomo Kenyatta, Independence Leader of Kenya
And one more, from an Amer-African centered perspective.
It’s not what you know that hurts you. It’s what you know, that just ain’t so. — Leroy ‘Satchel’ Paige
There are many who discuss the origins and history of religion, but no one does it better than Will Durant in The Story of Philosophy and The Lessons of History . Here are three examples from Durant, and though they refer directly to Christianity, the same could be said about the other major religions as well.
“Religion does not seem at first to have had any connection with morals. Apparently (for we are merely guessing, or echoing Petromius, who echoed Lucretius) ‘it was fear that first made the gods — fear of hidden forces in the earth, rivers, oceans, trees, wind and sky’. Religion became the propitiatory of worship of these forces through offerings, sacrifices, incantation, and prayer. Only when priest used these fears and rituals to support morality and law did religion become a vital force and rival the state. It told the people that the local code of morals and laws had been dictated by the gods. It pictured the god Thoth giving laws to Memes for Egypt, the god Shamash giving Hammurabi a code for Babylonia, Yahveh giving the Ten Commandments and 613 Precepts to Moses for the Jews, and the divine nymph Egeria giving Numa Pompilius laws for Rome. Pagan cults and Christian creeds proclaimed that earthly rulers were appointed and protected by the gods. Gratefully, nearly every state shared its lands and revenues with the priests.
…The Church was manned with men, who often proved biased, venal, and extortionate. France grew in wealth and power and made the papacy her political tool. Kings became strong enough to compel a pope to dissolve that Jesuit Order which had so devotedly supported the popes. The Church stooped to fraud, as with pious legends, bogus relics, and dubious miracles; for centuries it was from a mythical Donation of Constantine: that had allegedly bequeathed Western Europe to Pope Sylvester I (r. 314–35), and from the “False Decretals”(c. 842) that forged a series of documents to give a sacred antiquity to papal omnipotence.
…History has justified the Church in the belief that the masses of mankind desire a religion rich in miracle, mystery, and myth. Some minor modifications have been allowed in ritual, in ecclesiastical costume, and in Episcopal authority; but the Church dares not alter the doctrines that reason smiles at, for such changes would offend and disillusion the millions whose hopes have been tied to inspiring and consolatory imaginations. Catholicism survives because it appeals to the imagination, hope and the senses; because its mythology consoles and brightens the lives of the poor.”
A very wise man told me that “work is better than prayer.”
I believe that work is the actualization of what is programmed in our mind. Work is the physical activity that one carries out as a result of the data that the brain has processed to determine what must be done to sustain life.
If your brain tells you that you must serve the European in order to sustain life, then that’s what you will do. Religion is the great programmer of the mind to ensure that behavior. Presently, humanity serves the ruling elite.
And speaking of the ‘mind’, Carter G. Woodson, in his book The Miseducation of the Negro, 1932, had this to say regarding the mind of the Negro.
“No systematic effort towards change has been possible, for taught the same economics, history, philosophy, literature, and religion which have established the present code of morals, the Negro’s mind has been brought under the control of his oppressor, the problem of holding the Negro down, therefore, is easily solved. When you control a man’s thinking you do not have to tell him not to stand here or go yonder. He will find his ‘proper place’ and will stay in it. You do not need to send him to the back door. He will go without being told. In fact, if there is no back door, he will cut one for his special benefit. His education makes it necessary.
The same educational process which inspires and stimulates the oppressor with the thought that he is everything and has accomplished everything worthwhile, depresses and crushes at the same time the spark of genius in the Negro by making him feel that his race does not amount to much and never will measure up to the standards of other peoples. The Negro thus educated is a hopeless liability of the race”.
Sound familiar? That was over 100 years ago, and the same conditions exist today.
Power is required to be a free people. Caucasian/European power comes from the barrel of a gun.
“Whoever said the pen is mightier than the sword obviously never encountered an automatic weapon.” — General Douglas MacArthur
MacArthur said it facetiously, mocking General Bonaparte’s famous “The pen is mightier than the sword” speech.
“There are only two powers in the world, saber and mind; at the end, saber is always defeated by the mind.” — Napoleon Bonaparte
Our power comes from our mind.
“Our life is shaped by our mind. We become what we think.” — Buddha
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The Mysterious ‘Invisible Hand’ Is White, Not Black!

It seems as if we are always dealing with something mystical or transcendental when it comes to an explanation of phenomena that humans can’t see, hear, feel, smell, or touch, whether it be ‘God’, the ‘Devil’, or an ‘Invisible Hand.’ In the West, Spookism must prevail.
In religion folk are taught to walk by faith, not by sight. Don’t believe what you see with your own two eyes; believe what you are told by “God’s” vicegerent on Earth.
In economics, Adam Smith, working for his European masters — the banking cartels — developed an incredibly useful tool for them. Smith convinced people that an ‘invisible hand,’ controlling economic activity, was good for society and would produce a fair and equitable distribution of humanity’s need for food, clothing, shelter. In today’s world, that list must also include the health care, education, communication, and transportation needs of society.
Needless to say, that hasn’t happened. And it won’t happen. Because it can’t happen.
“Interest Is The Invention of Satin!” Are Bankers The Devil?
Since usury (charging interest on a loan) is forbidden in both Christianity and Islam, why is it a practice throughout…
The ‘hand’ controlling global economic activity is not ‘invisible’, though it is definitely hidden from most folk; but it is hiding in ‘plain sight’ if one has eyes to see.
Here is one example, regarding the issue of the cost of goods and services, which many people are not able to pay, as a result of the never-ending cycle of inflation. Cost/price is of utmost importance today, particularly among the poor and impoverished.
The prices of goods and services on this planet are controlled by a number of factors.
1. Supply and Demand
2. Government Intervention, or lack thereof
3. Cost of Production (materials and labor)
4. Inflation, which is a general increase in prices over time (Capitalism requires an ever-expanding market)
5. Exchange Rates between two currencies also affect the prices of imported and exported goods and services
All of the above are controlled by the European banking cartels.
Twin Elephants in the Room: The Rothschilds and Antisemitism/Anti-Semitism
Let me briefly deal with each one, starting with antisemitism, which was birthed first. On October 27, 2022, the…
Capitalism, their Western economic ideology, strengthens, fortifies, and governs European hegemony and their global domination; at a severe cost to CHOSSA (Children of Stolen and Sold Africans) and other Indigenous peoples in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia, and the South Pacific.
To further elucidate, I must return to the guru of modern economic theory, Campbell R. McConnell, author of Economics, 1987 McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, now in its 21st edition.
Professor McConnell detonates a very powerful atomic bomb, the sound of which will soon be heard around the world. His nuclear truth completely shatters the myth of capitalism as a fair, just, and equitable economic system.
He states that, “we should emphasize that there is nothing particularly ethical about the price system for distributing output”. There is nothing ethical about the price system as a mechanism for distributing output fairly.
The price system, a Western invention, developed during the evolution of capitalism, via the Monetary Economy (1694), gives the European complete control over the marketplace, as well as the control and use of our Earth’s natural and human resources. The Caucasian gives value to everything by controlling both the supply and demand of all resources, thereby allowing him to assign a “price” or cost to each of them. Men are making those decisions, not an ‘invisible hand.’
To increase the devastation of his detonation, McConnell further blasts, “Those households which manage to accumulate large amounts of property resources by inheritance…or by crook will receive large incomes and thus command large shares of the economy’s output”, which in turn only produces more property resources, commanding a still greater share of the society’s output. [“by crook”, the European rich get richer, and the poor people of color get poorer].
The Europeans have made it their business to steal all of the world’s natural resources and they gained tremendous wealth with those resources acquired; and they now determine the price of our labor, as well as the price for the goods produced by our labor.
With this present structure, what would make you think that you can ever achieve financial independence in America, Europe, or any part of the planet ruled by a white supremacist economic ideology that is structured solely to maintain European hegemony over the world and its natural resources, and the people and their human resources?
As long as:
1. Banks are privately owned, and issue a sovereign Nation’s currency
2. Interest is charged, and Debt is an acceptable business practice
3. There is private ownership of Power Generation (nuclear, electric, fossil)
4. Health Care is privately owned, and a cost to citizens
5. Foreign ownership of Sovereign lands is permitted
6. There is cost for Education
7. Media is operated, controlled, and owned by Oligarchs and their families
8. The Utilities (electricity, water, gas, internet) of a nation are privately owned
9. There is no efficient, cost-effective Public Transportation System
10. War is the only means to conflict resolution
11. The development of Artificial Intelligence is privately owned and financed
12. Aeronautical operations and Space exploration is privately owned
13. Privately owned businesses exploit sovereign land (metals and minerals)
14. The business of Insurance is privately owned
15. White supremacy/racism is alive
16. Federal Judges are appointed, and not elected; democracy doesn’t exist
17. A nation’s food production is controlled by cartels and conglomerates
18. Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism are endemic to Western Culture.
There will be:
1. Slavery
2. Poverty
3. Famine, Sickness and Disease
4. War, and its Devastation
5. Man-made Climate Change
6. Inflation and Deflation
7. Unemployment
8. Crime
9. No civil, or human rights
Yesterday I received some feedback from my recent essay, Capitalism Is Good For White People: Why Is It Bad For Black Folk? It was suggested that I provide a list of why Capitalism is bad for black folk because the headline begged the question, without any specific reasons being enumerated. I believed the narrative sufficiently explained that an economic ideology based on lies, while simultaneously empowering white folk, cannot, nor will not, ever be good for black folk. I hope the above list helps to better understand why Capitalism is bad for black folk.
Capitalism Is Good For White Folk: Why Is It Bad For Black Folk?
The guru of modern economic theory, Campbell R. McConnell, author of Economics, 1987 McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, now in…
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Africans On The Continent, And In The Diaspora: Please Know That Economics Is the Driving Force in…
“Why does economics matter? Because everything that one does each day, hour, minute, and second, is precisely…
A Major Display of ‘Whiteness’ By Richard Dreyfuss Sparked A Major Display of ‘Africanity’ In Me
I try to stay away from writing about Hollywood and the Motion Picture Industry so I don’t have to spend time dealing…
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Capitalism Is Good For White Folk: Why Is It Bad For Black Folk?

The guru of modern economic theory, Campbell R. McConnell, author of Economics, 1987 McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, now in its 21st edition, in his opening remarks tells us:
Two fundamental facts provide a foundation for the field of economics [capitalism]. It is imperative that we carefully state and fully understand these two facts, since everything that follows in our study of economics depends directly or indirectly upon them.
a. Society’s material wants, that is, the material wants of its citizens and institutions, are virtually unlimited and insatiable.
b. Economic resources — the means of producing goods and services, are limited or scarce.
These are lies that underpin and provide the foundation for the European economic ideology and philosophy called Capitalism. Their foundation was weak and defective from its inception.
It is absurd to say that the “material wants of its citizens and institutions are virtually unlimited or insatiable.” Human wants are tied to human needs. Humans, and their needs are not unlimited or insatiable. In fact, physical human needs are quite quantifiable, and can be satisfied.
Within range, humans can only consume a quantifiable amount of food before their bodies reject it (through regurgitation). We can easily determine the amount of food (for nutritional purposes) that humans need on a daily basis. With regard to clothing, it is also a simple task of quantifying the clothing needs of humans.
Depending on geography and ecology, reasonably, one can only wear one pair of shoes at a time. One can only wear one pair of pants or a skirt at a time. One can only wear one shirt or blouse at a time. The same for a hat, or coat, or underwear. From the standpoint of shelter, it is the same thing. A human can only live in one house at a time, sleep in one bed at a time, and only use one toilet at a time.
Yes, you could postulate that one could want more than three meals a day, want more than a closet or dresser full of clothes, and/or want two or three residences scattered throughout the country. But let’s be certain that those wants are based on greed, not need. It really goes to a value system based on individualism, not one based on a communal spirit of collective cooperation.
In the second fundamental assertion providing the foundation for capitalism McConnell states, “Economic resources — the means for producing the goods and services are limited.” It is an equally absurd lie used to justify their control of the natural and human resources that provide the means for producing the goods and services necessary for human growth and development.
Economic resources are in such significant supply that they can be said to be unlimited. One kernel of corn, planted in the ground, will yield a stalk with seven ears of corn containing 100 kernels on each ear. This represents a return of 700 to 1. Nature is plentiful, bountiful, and beautiful.
“Surplus, not shortage, has been the driving force in the building of markets, creating supply, and determining prices. Indeed, it can be argued that a central concern of the modern world economic system [capitalism] during this century has been to organize and promote markets so that they are protected from ruinous surplus.
Two important cases illustrate the point.
…with the Nixon administration the government formally encouraged the concept of the agribusiness — that is, supported management of the surplus by the private sector, not by the government. As a practical matter, that meant disposal of the surplus was increasingly the job of the major grain companies, not the government.
Ironic as it may seem, the recent humanitarian concerns for making the food surplus available to millions of poor, undernourished people must be viewed as almost incidental to the overall march of U.S, agricultural policy, which has sought the winning of a profitable and stable market for the surplus over the last century.
…Surplus, not shortage, has governed the oil industry since its inception. Through the Standard Oil Trust, John D. Rockefeller, sought to organize the industry so that is would not be overwhelmed by unbridled competition fed by surplus.
…One reason the oil companies moved into the coal industry was because they feared that this abundant resource might be turned into a devasting, and uncontrollable river of synthetic oil.” — Wealth by Stealth, Rolf Hackman, 2013
There were many goals and objectives to be achieved from the holocaust called World War II, including the birth of the State of Israel; but we must not forget that both Japanese and German scientists had simultaneously developed synthetic oil that threatened the world-wide supply. The Germans produced synthetic oil from coal, while the Japanese produced synthetic oil from plants, both abundant resources on our planet.
Another reason for the war was to control the rich minerals found in Africa.
Mineral exploration and exploitation of Africa by European and American interests served a major purpose. Africa supplied their need for gold, diamonds, and other ‘precious’ gemstones and metals; as well as iron, chrome, titanium, platinum, and uranium, just to name a few of the minerals used in the production of weapons, including most importantly, nuclear weapons, in order to maintain their hegemony of the world and its peoples.
“Historically, the extraction of raw materials was the business of large international corporations, some of them founded in the colonial period, which obtained rights to the minerals for relatively insignificant sums. Little processing of the raw material was carried out in the poor countries.
Many of the international corporations that operate in raw materials are vertically integrated — that is, they control each stage of the production-to-consumer process. Very little of raw or processed materials are traded on the open market through such exchanges as the London Metals Exchange.
In other words, as long as the poor countries are dependent on transnational corporations to reach markets abroad, there is little real meaning to their sovereignty over natural resources. [The history of the Ghana Cocoa Industry is a great example] It is a legal, not a commercial, distinction.
Much of the industry in raw materials today remains based on the mine, as it has been for centuries. And it is the mine which sums up the meaning of the business, or bitter relationships between first and third worlds, of the debasement of humankind. Since the fourteenth century when modern warfare was first invented, the output of the mine has been closely dependent on military industry, for it yields up the stuff with which we make cannon and shells and warships and planes.
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