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Negro Captain Paul Cuffee Arrives in London
Traveller, the 109 ton vessel entirely owned and navigated by Negroes, was probably the first such vessel to reach Europe. – The Times of London, 1811
That’s right. Over 200 years ago CHOSSA were alive and doing well. From Wikipedia, here is what we know of Paul Cuffee.
Paul Cuffe, also known as Paul Cuffee (January 17, 1759 – September 7, 1817) was an American businessman, whaler and abolitionist. Born free into a multi-racial family on Cuttyhunk Island, Massachusetts, Cuffe became a successful merchant and sea captain. His mother, Ruth Moses, was a Wampanoag [Native Indigenous tribe] from Harwich, Cape Cod, and his father an Ashanti captured as a child in West Africa and sold into slavery in Newport about 1720. In the mid-1740s, his father was manumitted by his Quaker owner, John Slocum. His parents married in 1747 in Dartmouth.
After Cuffe’s father died when the youth was thirteen, he and his older brother, John, inherited the family farm (their mother had life rights). They resided there with their mother and three younger sisters. The following year Cuffe signed on to the first of three whaling voyages to the West Indies. During the Revolutionary War, Cuffe delivered goods to Nantucket by slipping through a British blockade on a small sailboat. After the war, he built a lucrative shipping business along the Atlantic Coast and in other parts of the world. He also built his own ships in a boatyard on the Westport River. In Westport, Massachusetts, he founded the first racially integrated school in the United States.
Before I go any further, I have to tell you why I mention Brother Cuffee and his accomplishments. If this could be done over 200 years ago, would someone please tell me why we can’t have African and CHOSSA shipbuilders, and ship owners today, in 2023? I do know why and I will get back to this in a later post. For the moment, let’s enjoy the successful story of our brother.
A devout Quaker, Cuffe joined the Westport Friends Meeting in 1808. He often spoke at the Sunday services at the Westport Meeting House and also at other Quaker meetings in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1813, he donated half the money for a new meeting house in Westport, and oversaw the construction. The building still survives.
Cuffe became involved in the British effort to found a colony in Sierra Leone, to which the British had transported more than 1,000 former slaves originally from America. Some had been enslaved by American Patriots and had sought refuge and freedom behind British lines during the war. After the British were defeated, they took those former slaves first to Nova Scotia and London. Prodded by Black Loyalists such as Thomas Peters [subject for another post], who had agitated for a return to Africa, the British in 1792 offered the Nova Scotia blacks a chance to set up a colony of their own in Sierra Leone, where they resettled.
At the urging of leading British abolitionists, in 1810 Cuffe sailed to Sierra Leone to learn about conditions for the settlers and whether he could help them.
On his last trip in 1815–16, he transported nine families of free blacks from Massachusetts to Sierra Leone to assist and work with the former slaves and other local residents to develop their economy. Some historians relate Cuffe’s work to the “Back to Africa” movement being promoted by the newly organized American Colonization Society (ACS). A group made up of both Northerners and Southerners, it was focused on resettling free blacks from the United States to Africa – eventually resulting in development of Liberia. The leaders of the ACS had sought Paul Cuffe’s advice and support for their effort. After some hesitation, and given the strong objections by free blacks in Philadelphia and New York City to the ACS proposal, Cuffe chose not to support the ACS. He believed his efforts in providing training, machinery and ships to the people of Africa would enable them to improve their lives and rise in the world.
This point is why I applaud and respect Brother Paul Cuffee. He was one of the first CHOSSA advocating “Back to Africa”, but with a big difference, not under European hegemony. The American Colonization Society sought him out because they wanted to use him. Brother Cuffee understood their mission was to establish a European American colony in Africa and wanted no part in their scheme, which is why he refused there theme, and them.
…In 1780, at the age of 21, Paul and his brother John Cuffe refused to pay taxes because free blacks did not have the right to vote in Massachusetts. In 1780, they petitioned the council of Bristol County, Massachusetts, to end such taxation without representation, which had been an issue of colonists that led many to the Revolution. The petition was denied, but his suit contributed to the state legislature decision in 1783 to grant voting rights to all free male citizens of the state.
If nothing else, you have to appreciate his tenacity, and his genius.
In 1787, Paul Cuffe and his brother-in-law, Michael Wainer (husband of Mary Slocum, his older sister and ten years older than Paul) built their first ship together, a 25-ton schooner Sunfish. It was the beginning of a long partnership between the two men and their families. Their next ship was the 40-ton schooner Mary that was built in their own boatyard on the Acoaxet River. They then sold the Mary and Sunfish to finance construction of the Ranger — a 69-ton schooner launched in 1796 again from Cuffe’s shipyard in Westport. In 1799 Cuffe added to his shipyard property, increasing it from 0.22 acres to 0.33 acres to provide more room for both his family home and the boatyard.
By 1800 he had enough capital to build and hold a half-interest in the 162-ton barque Hero. At that time Cuffe was one of the most wealthy — if not the most wealthy — African American or Native American in the United States. His largest ship, the 268-ton Alpha, was built in 1806.
…Also in 1799 Paul Cuffe bought two large properties from a Westport neighbor, Ebenezer Eddy. The first was the Eddy family homestead of 100-acres with a house and outbuildings that was some 300 yards south of his boatyard on the Acoaxet River. The following year Paul sold this property to his sister and brother-in-law, Mary and Michael Wainer, for the same price he had paid for it. In the deed it states that the Wainers were already living on the property. From this record it appears that Paul bought the property for the Wainers with the understanding that they would buy the property from him when they were able. Michael Wainer and Paul Cuffe remained partners, with Wainer’s sons captaining and crewing most of the ships.
The second property that Paul purchased from the Eddy family in 1799 was a 40-acre lot several hundred yards north of his boatyard that had previously belonged to the Allen family and was known as “The Allen Lot.” He appears to have leased this land out to others to farm and then willed it to his youngest son, William, along with money to build a house on it.
Some years later, in 1813, Paul purchased from David Soule a roughly 4-acre property abutting his boatyard and home on the north and west. This was property of only a little over 4 acres that he identified as his homestead and divided among his wife and children when he died in 1817.
Most importantly, all of this was done without voting rights (Democracy) and debt (Capitalism). Cuffee accomplished all of this while prominent men like Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, both slave owners, believed “the emigration of free Blacks to colonies either within or outside the United States was the easiest and most realistic solution to the race problem in America. It was a means of providing an alternative for free blacks, rather than absorbing a large population of ex-slaves into the white community through emancipation.” – Wikipedia
Subsequently Cuffe wrote as follows:
“I have for these many years past felt a lively interest in their behalf, wishing that the inhabitants of the colony might become established in truth, and thereby be instrumental in its promotion amongst our African brethren.”
In early 1817, Cuffe’s health deteriorated. He never returned to Africa, and died in Westport on September 7, 1817. His last words were, “Let me pass quietly away.”
Henry Noble Sherwood, who wrote one of the first biographies about Paul Cuffe summed up his life in the final paragraph of that work as follows:
“Overwhelming his industry, his religion and education stands his optimism. He believed in the victory of righteousness; therefore, he worked for it. He believed in the triumph of truth; therefore, he dedicated himself to it. He realized the mastery of poverty; therefore, he gave pursuit to wealth. He believed in the amelioration of his race; therefore, he consecrated himself to it.” (Sherwood, Paul Cuffe, p. 229.)
I will always celebrate Paul Cuffee. As a proud father, let me say that I will definitely remember him on his birthday because it is the same as my youngest child, my daughter Akima, who is a St. Paul’s School and Stanford University graduate, with a Master’s in Special Education from Arcadia University. Thankfully she walked away from the corporate “recruiters” and is a school teacher.
If my writing interests you, I hope you will pass it on to the folks who follow you, and also to the folks who you follow. I don’t write for money. My books that offer insight into who I am, and what I am about, including full details for the implementation of Equism, are free. They can be found at my blog equism.net. Please go to the Tab Links to Books, and click on either one, or both, for you perusal and assessment. I have another one incubating.
Meanwhile, I await your critique.
Thanks again for your time, attention, and indulgence.
Peace and Love be with you.
I have exercised my artistic license to offer what I think Moses, an African, would offer today. With history in his rear view mirror, I believe he would accept my adjustments to Commandments 1–4; while 5–10 being mathematically correct, remain intact. I think we all agree that in today’s dystopic world, there is a dire need for the law enforcement of the 10 Commandments. Every day CHOOSA (Children of Stolen and Sold Africans) bear witness to the paucity of their implementation.
The BOLD print indicates my variation of Moses’s Commandments found in the Old Testament, in the Book of Exodus (The word ‘exodus’ will be dealt with another time). The bracketed is my brief commentary.
1
“Thou shalt have no other gods before me.” — Exodus 20:3
“Thou shalt not have a GOD, much less gods.”
[I offer the following as my commentary regarding ‘God’ and religion.]
“Religion keeps the poor from killing the rich.” — Napoleon Bonaparte
“We have used the Bible as if it were a mere special constable’s handbook, an opium dose for keeping the beasts of burden patient while they were being overloaded, a mere book to keep the poor in order.” — Charles Kingsley, Canon of the Church of England
“When the missionaries arrived, the Africans had the land and the missionaries had the Bible. They taught us how to pray with our eyes closed. When we opened them, they had the land and we had the Bible.” — Jomo Kenyatta
It’s not what you know that hurts you. It’s what you know, that just ain’t so.” — Leroy ‘Satchel’ Paige
2
“Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.” — Exodus 20:4
“Thou shalt not make the U.S. Dollar a GRAVEN IMAGE.”
[There is no greater example of a graven image than the fiat currency called the U.S. Dollar. Its worship has created a world of greed, corruption, and evil which humanity has endured for the last few centuries. I think we can all bear witness that it is indeed the root of all of the evil that exists and persists in the world today.]
3
“Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.” — Exodus 20:7
“Thou shalt not allow the economic paradigm — Capitalism — to exist.”
[The evil of Capitalism is direct disrespect for humanity. My mantra, “economics is the driving force in humanity” makes me laser-focused on the economic paradigm governing our world. Allowing the unethical, immoral, unrighteousness, inequitable, and unjust practice of Capitalism is a CRIME against humanity; and is absolutely disrespectful to Creation/Existence.]
4
“Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.” — Exodus 20:8–10
“Remember that every day of your life requires WORK and REST, to keep it real.”
[Human beings require both work and rest for the sustenance of life. In order to sustain ourselves, we must respect ourselves by acting in accord with our nature, which is to be free. “Self-preservation is the duty of each and every living organism.” To practice such means no longer being a slave to the European banking cartels. They have ruled the world since the formation of the British East India Company (December 31, 1600), and the Dutch West India Company (June 3, 1621).]
5
“Honor thy father and thy mother.” — Exodus 20:12
“HONOR thy mother and thy father.”
[We must always love and care for those who cared for us first.]
6
“Thou shalt not kill.” — Exodus 20:13
“Thou shalt not KILL.”
[I won’t insult your intelligence by repeating all of the horrors of the Holocausts Europeans have perpetrated. You already know of the most atrocious. The Middle Passage cost the lives of 20–30 million Africans, and the European theft of the Americas cost the lives of over 50 million Native Indigenous Americans. The wars that the European has waged, not only among themselves, but against Africans, Asians, and Native Indigenous People throughout the world have cost the lives of another 20–30 million people. It is an indictment that must, and will be, adjudicated.]
7
“Thou shalt not commit adultery.” — Exodus 20:14
“Thou shalt not commit ADULTERY.”
[The sanctimony of marriage must be respected, preserved, and promoted.]
8
“Thou shalt not steal.” — Exodus 20:15
“Thou shalt not STEAL.”
[Taking anything that doesn’t belong to you is stealing. That is what the European has been doing since Alexander III invaded, pillaged, and conquered Egypt in 332 B.C. The British bragged that, “the sun never sets on the British Empire.” The Banking Cartels may have shifted locations, but they still carry on their work of world domination. North, Central (including the Caribbean), and South America; along with Asia, African, and Australia (including the South Pacific islands) is land that was stolen, and still is presently controlled by these bankers. Their greatest theft is USURY. As Thomas Alva Edison said, “Interest is the invention of Satan.”]
9
“Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.” — Exodus 20:16
“Thou shalt not LIE.”
[Honestly, honesty is a Universal Law that must be adhered to. If you lie to someone, you are “bearing false witness,” and may cause harm to yourself and to others. The ultimate penalty could be your death.]
10
“Thou shalt not covet.” — Exodus 20:17
“Thou shalt not COVET.”
[Covet means to be so jealous of something someone else has, that you want it desperately. After living in the hills and caves of Europe for 40,000 years, the Caucasian emerged with a lust and desire for the world that Aristotle, Alexander III’s tutor and mentor described to him. Aristotle talked of a land that the Greeks named and called Africa; a wonderful glorious Continent that he learned from Socrates, via Plato.]
I conclude with two more Commandment that I believe Moses would offer today.
11
“Thou shalt not tell people that I have chosen you as my special people, privileged with Whiteness.”
[First, it is not true. ALL life is chosen from, and emanates from Creation. Our very existence if proof of Creation, an extremely random process favoring no one. Secondly, all that lie does is build up resentment and hatred against you. We are all special creations, with none being superior to others, notwithstanding our cultural differences.]
12
“Thou shalt not practice Usury.”
[The expression, “neither a lender nor a borrower be” is the best advice one can receive. Charging interest, which is a severe burden to the borrower, that need not be, has been forbidden in Christianity and Islam since they were formed. I offer the following for your consideration]
“Debt’s ancient origin is reflected in biblical admonitions [2,000 years ago] about debt, and the interest payments which often accompany debt. So Solomon warns, “The rich rules over the poor, and the borrower is the slave of the lender.
In Exodus, when God specifies the ordinances for the Jewish people, he includes the admonition that, “If you lend to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor, and you shall not exact interest from him.”
Secret Life of Money, Tad Crawford, 1994
That admonition should apply to all humanity, not just European Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews.
Please offer your thoughts; and let’s talk about specific solutions.
Thank you.
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There Is No Nexus Between Black Nationalism and Marxism: It Is Nonsense To Propose Such!
I have been following the writings of Dwayne Wong (Omowale) since I joined medium.com ten months ago. He has written some though-provoking essays that I have found interesting. Even though he wrote the following essay in March of this year, my jury is still out deliberating on my younger brother (I am 77, so I can call him my younger brother). I do believe he will be acquitted. 🙂
Why I’m Not a Marxist
This is the final in a series of articles that I published on the topic of Marxism in the Pan-African struggle. I want…
Today, he posted an essay that grabbed my attention. My belief that “the driving force in humanity is economics” compelled me to respond.
“…So the lineage of capitalism passes naturally from the earliest Babylonian merchants through the medieval burghers to the early bourgeois and finally to the industrial capitalist.” — The Origin of Capitalism; A Longer View, Ellen Meiksins, 2002
Economics matters. Everything that one does each day, hour, minute, and second, is precisely determined by the economic paradigm that governs one’s life. I hope that he will not be offended by my assessment of his piece that my headline addresses. I certainly welcome his assessment of mine.
The Ideological Debate Between Black Nationalism and Marxism
The ideological debate between Black Nationalism and Marxism has been a topic of discussion and contention for decades…
I disagree with his statement that, the ideological debate between Black Nationalism and Marxism that has shaped the discourse on liberation and justice within the Black community, “is not an either-or situation, but rather an opportunity to embrace the strengths and insights of both ideologies.”
It is absolutely an either-or-situation.
There is not contest. Black Nationalism is the winner. (Similar to the ass-whooping (70–20) that the Miami Dolphins administered on the Denver Broncos last Sunday.)
There are NO strengths and insights in Marxist ideology that support African Liberation. Marxism is an eco-political European ideology that, by our brother’s admission, “does not directly address racial oppression.” Marx and Engels published their “Communist Manifesto” (1848), to address the issues facing European/Caucasian people, not us.
Just because Marx was an opponent of Capitalism, it does not make him an friend or advocate for the liberation of our people. Both Capitalism and Communism perpetuate our enslavement; and must be understood as an anathema to COLONIZED Africans, Asians, and Indigenous Americans worldwide. (As quiet as it’s kept, the Earth is a “Company Town” operating under European hegemony.
The Colony Called America: Company Town 3.0
How dare I call America a colony, much less a company town? The truth is the truth. I assume you will agree with me…
Brother Dwayne correctly points out that, “Padmore, initially a communist, abandoned the Communist Party after realizing that white communists were not fully committed to African liberation. He became critical of the racism within the communist movement and praised Garvey for his understanding of white communists’ racism.”
My brother goes on to say that Garvey, “identified as a self-professed capitalist but was critical of exploitative practices within capitalism.” Rest assured that Garvey’s definition of capitalism was quite different than Adam Smith’s definition. Brother Garvey meant making use of Land and Labor to produce Capital (goods and services necessary for the growth and development of society) was his objective, as it should be for anyone wanting to live in a productive civilized society.
Adam Smith’s Capitalism, which began when Alexander III invaded and conquered Egypt in 332 B.C., advocates the ownership of “private property,” including the ownership of human beings, salaried or otherwise. Garvey did not.
As Brother Omowale said, “Black Nationalism is an ideology that emphasizes racial unity and self-determination for the Black community.” He also astutely observed that, “Garvey, a Jamaican-born activist, advocated for the establishment of a separate Black nation and the repatriation of Black people to Africa. He believed that economic empowerment was the foundation for Black liberation and encouraged Black people to be proud of their African heritage.” I am in 100% agreement with Brother Marcus, one of my icons and mentors.
Brother Garvey’s call for separation and repatriation of American Africans to Africa is the only opportunity we have to achieve Liberation and Freedom. Marcus’s thoughts are African centered. Marx’s thoughts are Eurocentric. The two ideologies will never coincide, correlate, nor coexist together.
The ideological debate between Black Nationalism and Marxism, is “a ship that has sailed.” There is no longer a debate. Black Nationalism, as defined by the Honorable Marcus Garvey, must be our life work. It is certainly my life work.
Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Me; Capitalism, Marxism, and Equism; Black Folk Need To Know
On February 11, 2023, Rustam Seerat, posted the following essay on medium.com. It is an AI-generated imaginary…
Please offer your thoughts; and let’s talk about specific solutions.
Thank you.
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What Does INTEGRATION Mean? Mathematically It Is The Truth; Racially It Is A Lie; Culturally It Is Critical to the Survival of Humanity.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary offers several meanings for this transitive verb integration. The importance of each meaning is critical to understanding my answers to the question posed in the above headline.
1: to form, coordinate, or blend into a functioning or unified whole : UNITE
2 a: to incorporate into a larger unit
b: to unite with something else
3 a: DESEGREGATE integrate school districts
b: to end the segregation of and bring into equal membership in society or an organization
I begin with #1, the mathematical definition of integration. “To form, coordinate, or blend into a functioning or unified whole: UNITE” is the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. “Mathematics is Truth.” The concept of unity is acceptable to everyone. Folk would agree that there is strength in UNITY.
But what is the purpose for unity? Are the KKK, the Proud Boys, and the Oath Keepers good purposes for unity? For Europeans, the answer is yes. For Africans, Asians, and Indigenous Americans living in European colonies, the answer is no.
Number 3 is where the ‘rubber meets the road.’ “DESEGREGATE, integrate school districts” and “to end the segregation of and bring into equal membership in society or an organization” speak directly to “Race Is a Lie.” Race, the false narrative propagated by the European is a man-made construct called that has deliberately divided humanity since its inception and is still in effect and in force today.
The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability, and that a particular race is superior to others, and that discrimination or prejudice based on race is justified by law is a total human fabrication. Scientifically, no valid fact regarding human behavior can be drawn from the melanin content of a human being’s skin. Melanin is a pigment — meaning color, nothing more, nothing less.
Human beings are shaped by our genetic heritage (bio-chemical package), our parents’ lessons, the “schooling” we receive, our own personal experiences, and “the proverbial environment” as we traverse ‘life’; also, learning from the experience of others who have already gone before.
The hatred, animosity, and divisiveness engendered and promulgated by Race are threatening human survival. The exigent circumstances that we face today demand immediate attention, and immediate action.
I will end with #2, which offers, “to incorporate into a larger unit” and “to unite with something else.” “…Culture is critical to the survival of Humanity.” What does cultural integration mean?
I am very clear that humanity’s survival is dependent on the mutual cooperation of its inhabitants. We absolutely need to incorporate into a larger unit, but caveat emptor. The man-made economic, political, and religious ideologies that perpetuate the hegemony of the ‘ruling elite’ cannot, and will not be carried forward by us.
Africans, Asians, and Indigenous Americans must, and will discard Capitalism, Democracy, and Monotheism in order to survive and thrive. “To unite with something else” is mandatory. That ‘something else’ is a new paradigm, an African centered paradigm.
I have no interest in overturning Capitalism or overthrowing Democracy, much less trying to stamp out Monotheism. If that is what folks want, I say, “let them have at it.”
Humanity wants and needs something different than what we experience today under European rule. Our present dystopia should be proof enough for you.
Capitalism, which has continuously evolved since Alexander III invaded Egypt (Africa) in 332 BC, established and articulated the reasoning for the European collecting and controlling all of the human and natural resources necessary for the production, distribution and consumption of the goods and services essential to the growth and evolution of an organized people.
It was both purposeful and deliberate. And it was concomitant with the Europeans having stolen lands and peoples. Capitalism works for Europeans. It does not work for 99% of humanity. European Capitalism created the problem humanity faces today.
“A problem cannot be solved by the consciousness that created it.” — Albert Einstein
Pope Francis’s recent statement is further proof.
“An economic system that is fair, trustworthy and capable of addressing the most profound challenges facing humanity and our planet is urgently needed.”
Pope Francis and I agree.
Democracy, the political philosophy, was developed by Cleisthenes in Athens in 507 B.C. After less than 100 years, ‘democracy’ had reared its ugly head sufficiently for Plato to voice opinion. Founder of the Academy in Athens, “the first institution of higher learning in the Western World” — Wikipedia — and considered the founding father of political philosophy, Plato, was taught by Socrates, an African, and in turn, Plato taught Aristotle, Alexander III’s tutor, and mentor.
Plato believed that the democratic man was more concerned about his money over how he could help people. “He does whatever he wants whenever he wants to do it. His life has no priority.” [Capitalism in its infancy.] Plato did not believe that democracy is the best form of government. Plato’s Republic presents a critical view of democracy through the narration of our brother Socrates (a Greek African):
“…foolish leaders of Democracy, which is a charming form of government full of variety and disorder and dispensing a sort of equality to equals and unequaled alike.”
Monotheism is a tool.
“Religion keeps the poor from killing the rich.” — Napoleon Bonaparte
Here is a more telling message.
“We have used the Bible as if it were a mere special constable’s handbook, an opium dose for keeping the beasts of burden patient while they were being overloaded, a mere book to keep the poor in order.” — Charles Kingsley, Canon of the Church of England
And one more, from an African centered perspective.
It’s not what you know that hurts you. It’s what you know, that just ain’t so.” — Leroy ‘Satchel’ Paige
Please offer your thoughts; and let’s talk about specific solutions.
Thank you.
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